Causation Vs Correlation: What Is Causation And Correlation? - Words In Science - Nerd-Out Wednesday Video
Scientists spend a considerable amount of time thinking about causation versus correlation in science. Understanding correlation vs causation is important. However, often, you here different arguments, such as correlation does not equal causation, or correlation doesn’t imply causation. But, what does that mean?
Why is correlation vs causation important? What we are trying to get at is causal influence - the suggestion that A leads to B. Correlation, on the other hand, simply means that when A happens B may or may not happen. A and B simply co-occur, but the cause of B is may not be A. A positive correlation means that the presence of A occurs at the same time as the presence of B. A negative correlation means that the presence of A means that B does not occur, and vice versa.
In order to have fairly good justification that causal inference can be made need between relationships, you need four basic traits:
1. A dependent variable correlates with an independent variable.
2. The independent variable proceeds the independent variable.
3. Theory suggests that these two should be related somehow.
4. There are no other spurious factors - you controlled for all other conditions.
I have created a series of videos that discusses these traits of why correlation vs causation is important, and you can check them out below.
By the way, the fourth trait is really difficult to show, and we generally call these factors threats to validity. Often, we will specify these in a limitation section.
One more thing, I was not the person who thought of this logic around what is causation versus what is correlation. David Hume made significant progress on our understanding of causal inference several 100s of years ago. :-)
What Is A Dependent Variable?
https://youtu.be/fZ0cfiW1uJw
What Is An Independent Variable?:
https://youtu.be/DRRzklTfUUI
What Is The Importance Of Theory?:
https://youtu.be/xg0hGBj6WM8
Why Is Timing Important To Science:
https://youtu.be/SZWPrEkWiSw
Understanding Controls In Science:
https://youtu.be/QXDiHOu_y8Y
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