Threats To Internal Validity: Confounding Or Spurious Variables - (Research Methods) Video
I talk about the threat of a spurious or confounding variable as a threat to internal validity. Internal validity of a research design concerns how the design explains a causal relationship, or that you can rule out other possible causes. In other words, correlation does not mean causation within research designs.
From what I understand, confounding variables and spurious variables can be used interchangeably. Spurious relationships are what happens when there is spurious variable in an underlying explanatory relationship.
Spurious relationships are found in all areas of research, including education, sociology, psychology, or organizational theory.
Confounding variables occur when there is a third variable that either moderates or mediates a relationship between two variables. A moderation relationship suppresses or enhances the relationship between variables. A mediating relationship occurs when it is a intermediary between two variables.
Confounding variables can be ruled out with either control variables or through specifying a specific research design, such as a randomized controlled experiment. Confounding variable’s are especially a concern in cross-sectional correlational studies.
If you want to mitigate a confounding variable threat, I would suggest that you control for various relationships, or simply acknowledge the problem in the limitation’s section of your paper.
I discuss different possible research designs to mitigate some of these spurious relationships when making a causal inference. The goal is to come up with a study in which you can better say that causation is occurring, rather than just saying the relationship is due to correlation.
Check out:
What is reliability and validity?
https://youtu.be/5lmUFIxfuAs
Threats To Internal Validity - Repeated Testing - Nerd-Out Wednesday
https://youtu.be/YnmYN0hkDyU
Threats To Internal Validity - History - Nerd-Out Wednesday
https://youtu.be/fJfyS5J7yHg
Threats To Internal Validity - Contamination - Nerd-Out Wednesday
https://youtu.be/YfyKygFCgGA
Causation Vs Correlation: What Is Causation And Correlation? - Words In Science - Nerd-Out Wednesday
https://youtu.be/iAq4Z0D61vE
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