Structure and Bonding of Xenon Compounds | Explained by IITian | Jee Mains, Advance, NEET & BITSAT Video
Hello Guys, Xenon's compounds (XeF2, XeF4, XeF6, XeO3, XeO4, XeOF2, XeOF4, XeOF6, XeO2F2, XeO3F2 etc) are some of the most important compounds ffor Jee mains/advance/BITSAT/NEET/AIIMS.In this lecture you will understand structure and Bonding of these molecules in details.
Xenon is an element under the Noble gases group and is on period 7 of the periodic table. This element is most notable for its bright luminescence in light bulbs. Xenon is unique for being the first noble gas element to be synthesized into a compound.
Element number: 54
Atomic symbol: Xe
Atomic weight: 131.29
Electron configuration: [Kr]5s24d105p6
Melting point: 161.4 K
Boiling point: 165.03 K
Origin and History
Xenon was first discovered in England by chemists Sir William Ramsay and Morris William Travers on July 12, 1898, after discovering Krypton and Neon. Since Xenon is an odorless and colorless gas that exists only in trace amounts in the atmosphere, it is very difficult to take notice of it. Xenon and other noble gases were discovered by evaporating liquified air and collecting the residue. By cooling the air to below the boiling point (from gas to liquid), the air would condense to a liquid. The liquid air is then gradually warmed up, vaporizing lighter gases such as oxygen and nitrogen. Xenon gas can then be confined separately from the atmosphere. Collecting xenon is expensive because there is less than 1 parts per million in volume of the Earth's atmosphere.
Xenon Compounds and their Molecular Structure
Noble gases have always been believed to be inert with other group 18 elements. However, in 1962 the first noble gas compound was produced by Neil Bartlett, combining xenon, platinum, and fluorine. It is now possible to produce xenon compounds in which the oxidation states range from +2 to +8(!). Most of the known xenon compounds contain the strongly reducing fluorine or oxygen atoms. Xenon Halides: a binary compound consisting of a halogen and an element with a higher ionization
Xenon forms three fluorides, XeF2, XeF4 and XeF6. These can be obtained by the direct interaction between xenon and fluorine under appropriate experimental conditions (explained in details in this lecture)
The fluorides of xenon, XeF2, XeF4 and XeF6 react with fluoride ion acceptors like PF5, SbF5, AsF5 to form adducts in which the fluorides (XeF2, XeF4 and XeF6) change to cationic species whereas the fluoride ion acceptors form fluoroanions.
1. Xenon difluoride(XeF2)
It is prepared by heating a mixture of Xenon and fluorine in the ration 2:1 at 400 degree Celsius and 1 bar pressure in a sealed nickel tube.
Xe + F2 ---Ni---- XeF2
XeF2 undergoes hydrolysis when treated with water an d evolves oxygen.
2XeF2 + 2H2O ------- 2Xe + 4HF + O2
In XeF2, Xenon is sp3d hybridised and the molecule has linear structure.
Xenon tetrafluoride (Xef4)
It is prepared by heating a mixture of Xe and F2 in the molecular ratio 1:5 at 400 degree Celsius and 6 atm in a sealed nickel tube.
Xe + 2 F2 --------- XeF4
XeF4 react with water and produces explosive XeO3
6 XeF4 + 12 H2O --------- 2 XeO3 + 4 Xe + 3O2 + 24 HF
In XeF4, Xenon is in sp3d2 hybridised state and has square planar geometry.
3. Xenon hexafluoride (XeF6)
It is prepared by heating a mixture of xenon and fluorine in the ration 1:20 at 300 degree Celsius and 60 atm in a nicked vessel.
Xe + 3 F2 -------- Xe F6
XeF6 Undergoes slow hydrolysis with atmospheric moisture producing highly explosive XeO3.
XeF6 + 3H2O -------- XeO3 + 6 HF
XeF6 molecule possesses distorted octahedral structure. The Xe atom in XeF6 is in sp3d3 hybridisation
XeF2, XeF4 and XeF6 are colourless crystalline solids and sublime readily at 298 K. They are powerful fluorinating agents. They are readily hydrolysed even by traces of water. For example, XeF2 is hydrolysed to give Xe, HF and O2.
Oxides of xenon
1. Xenon trioxide (XeO3)
XeO3 prepared by slow hydrolysis of XeF6
XeF6 + 3H2O ------- XeO3 + ^ HF
XeO3 is soluble in water and its aqueous solution is weakly acidic.
XeO3 + H2O _-_-_-_-_-_-_-_- H+ + HXeO4-
XeO3 has pyramidal structure in which Xe is in sp3 hybridisation.
2. Xenon tetroxide (XeO4)
It is prepared by treating barium perxenate (Ba2XeO6) with anhydrous sulfuric acid.
Ba2XeO6 + 2H2SO4 -------- XeO4 + 2BaSO4 + 2H2O
XeO4 is highly unstable and has tetrahedral structure.
Xenon Oxyfluorides
The oxyfluorides of xenon namely xenon oxydifluoride, (XeOF2) and xenon oxytetrafluoride, (XeOF4) are also obtained by the partial hydrolysis of XeF4 and XeF6 respectively.
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