Potassium Permanganate | d Block Chemistry | Jee Mains, Advance | NEET | BITSAT and AIIMS Video
Potassium Permanganate is one of the most vital topic for Jee Mains, Advance, NEET and AIIMS.
Preparation of Potassium Permanganate on a Large Scale:-
It is prepared from the mineral pyrolusite, MnO2. The preparation involves the following steps
Conversion of MnO2 into potassium manganate.
When finely powdered MnO2 is fused with KOH. K2MnO4 is obtained.
2MnO2 + 4KOH + O2 → 2K2MnO4 + 2H2O
Oxidation of potassium manganate into permanganate
(a) Chemical oxidation
K2MnO4 is oxidised to KMnO4 by bubbling CO2 or Cl2 or ozone into the former.
3K2MnO4 + 2CO2 → 2KMnO4 + MnO2 + 2K2CO3
(b) Electrolytic oxidation
The manganate solution is electrolysed between iron electrodes. The oxygen evolved at anode converts manganate into permanganate.
2K2MnO2 + H2O + O → 2K2MnO4 + 2KOH
Properties of Potassium Permanganate
KMnO4 exists as deep purple prisms. It is moderately soluble in water at room temperature and its solubility in water increases with temperature.
(i) Action of heat
When heated it decomposes to K2MnO4.
2KMnO4 → K2MnO4 + MnO2 + O2
(ii) Action of conc. H2SO4
With cold conc. H2SO4 it gives Mn2O7 which on warming decomposes to MnO2.
2MnO2 + 2H2SO4 → Mn2O7 + 2KHSO4 + 2H2O
2Mn2O7 \overset{Heat}{\rightarrow} 4MnO2 + 3O2
With hot Conc. H2SO4 O2 is evolved
4KMnO4 + 6H2SO4 → 2K2SO4 + 4MnSO4 + 6H2O + 5O2
(iii) Oxidising properties
KMnO4 is a powerful oxidizing agent. The actual oxidizing action depends upon the medium i.e. acidic, basic or neutral.
In neutral solution, it acts as moderate oxidizing agent.
2KMnO4 + H2O → 2KOH + 2MnO2 + 3O
Some oxidizing properties of KMnO4 in neutral medium are
2KMnO4 + 3Na2S2O3 + H2O → 3K2SO4 + 8MnO2 + 3Na2SO4 + 2KOH
2KMnO4 + 4H2S → 2MnS + S + K2SO4 + 4H2O
In strong alkaline solution, it is converted into
2KMnO4 + 2KOH → 2K2MnO4 + H2O + O
2KMnO4 + H2O + Kl → 2MnO2 + 2KOH + KlO3
In acidic medium, Mn+7 is converted into Mn+2
2KMnO4 + 3H2SO4 → K2SO4 + 2MnSO4 + 3H2O + 5O
Some other reactions are
2KMnO4 + 3H2SO4 + 5H2S → K2SO4 + 2MnSO4 + 3H2O + 5S
2KMnO4 + 5SO2 + 2H2O → K2SO4 + 2MnSO4 + 2H2SO4
2KMnO4 + 3H2SO4 + 5KNO2 → K2SO4 + 2MnSO4 + 3H2O + 5KNO3
2KMnO4 + 3H2SO4 + 5C2H2O4 → K2SO4 + 2MnSO4 + 8H2O + 10CO2
2KMnO4 + 8H2SO4 + 10FeSO4 → K2SO4 + 2MnSO4 + 5Fe2(SO4)3 + 8H2O
2KMnO4 + 3H2SO4 + 10Kl → K2SO4 + 2MnSO4 + 8H2O + 5l2
Uses of Potassium Permanganate
It is used in volumetric analysis for the estimation of ferrous salts, oxalates, iodides and H2O2.
It is used as oxidizing agent in the laboratory as well as in industry.
It is also used as disinfectant and germicide
We hope You will Enjoy our Lecture.
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