The Chicxulub crater is the only well-preserved peak crater of rings on Earth. Video
The Chicxulub crater is the only well-preserved peak crater of rings on Earth.
For the first time, geologists have drilled the maximum ring of this crater in the International Ocean Discovery Program and the International Continental Scientific Drilling Program IODP-ICDP Expedition 364. The mass extinction of the Cretaceous-Tertiary occurred at the same time as a 10 km asteroid of diameter, dubbed Chicxulub, hit our planet in what is now the Yucatan Peninsula. The collision would have caused earthquakes, tsunamis and even volcanic eruptions.
The impact, its catastrophic effects and its aftermath have absorbed researchers and the public alike since it was first discovered. In the spring of 2016, an international team of geologists at the IODP-ICDP Expedition 364 drilled the Chicxulub crater off the coast of Mexico. The researchers focused on the maximum ring of the Chicxulub crater and on the superimposed rock sequences. Peak rings, as seen on the Moon, are formed when the rocks are cut into a peak within the crater. The peak then collapses, leaving a central ring of rock within the larger crater.
The IODP-ICDP drill data indicate that the morphology of the Chicxulub crater peak ring was produced by the dynamic collapse of a high central peak. The drilling also confirmed that the Chicxulub peak ring consists of granite, brought from the depths of the half of the curtain. The impact of Chicxulub generated an environmental calamity that extinguished life. It also induced a vast subsurface hydrothermal system that altered a portion of the Maya Block and serves as a proxy for much larger and more frequently generated hydrothermal systems during Hadean when rates of bombardment were high.
He calculated the amount of sulfur and carbon dioxide that was fired into the atmosphere, including a second phase of gas release when the ejection was revaporized. The gas release from the Chicxulub impact is connected to a cooling of more than 20 degrees Celsius, with temperatures below zero for three years. They also discovered that shortly after impact, the crater became an oasis for the recovery of life and allowed expansion into momentarily empty niches that, when filled, defined the modern world.
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