Chapter 8 Respiration and circulation Types Of Lymphocytes | Leucocytes WBC Immune System 12th hsc Video
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In this video i have talked about the immune system of human body and the WBC . the first i have categorized the WBC into Granulocytes and Agranulocytes . then the granulocytes are further divided into the Neutrophils , Basophils and Eosinophil ( acidophils ) . then the granulocytes are divided into the Monocytes and the Lymphocytes . the lymphocytes are of two types namely B lymphocytes ( Humoral immune ) and t lymphocytes ( Cell mediated immune ) . then ahead also talked about the thrombocytes also known as the platelets , their role in the blood clotting and releases of serotonin hormone .
White blood corpuscles / Leucocytes:
Leucocytes are colourless, nucleated and amoeboid cells larger than RBCs.Due to their amoeboid movement they can move out of the capillary walls by a process called diapedesis. A normal adult has on an average, 5000-11000 WBCs per mm3 of blood.
Granulocytes : These are WBCs with a granular cytoplasm, also called Polymorpho nuclear leucocyte (PMN) cells. They have lobulated nuclei in different shapes. Granulocytes are formed from myeloid stem cells and once formed, do not divide. Granulocytes constitute about 72% of total WBCs. Granules are actually secretory vesicles which contain various secretions, enzymes, etc. Depending upon staining property of the granules, these granulocytes are classified into three types as neutrophils, basophils and acidophills.
Neutrophils : Granules are very fine, large in number, evenly distributed and stained with neutral stains (dyes). Neutrophils are about 70% of total WBCs. These cells are spherical and nucleus is several lobed (2- 7). These are able to perform amoeboid movements and phagocytosis. They are responsible for destroying pathogens by the process of phagocytosis. ‘Pus’ is mixture of dead neutrophils, damaged tissues and dead microbes.
b. Basophils / Cyanophils : These cells have very few granules of large size, and stain with basic stains like methylene blue. Basophils are non-phagocytic, small, spherical cells and are about 0.5-1% of total WBCs.. Nucleus is twisted. They are present in infected and allergic conditions only. Basophils secrete heparin, histamine and serotonin.
c. Eosinophils / Acidophills : Acidophills contain lysosomal granules that are stained to red colour with acidic stains like eosin. Eosinophils are about 1 – 3 % of total WBCs. Nucleus is bilobed. They destroy antigenantibody complex by phagocytosis. Their number increases in allergic condition and they show antihistaminic property. They are also responsible for detoxification as they produce antitoxins.
Agranulocytes :
Agranulocytes are about 28% of total WBCs. Cytoplasm of these leucocytes is without granules. They are formed from lymphoid stem cells and can divide by mitosis. Nuclei of agranulocytes are large in size but are not lobulated like the granulocytes. There are two types of agranulocytes - Lymphocytes and Monocytes.
a. Lymphocytes : Lymphocytes are the smallest of all WBCs and have a large spherical nucleus. They constitute about 25-30% of total WBCs. Depending upon function, two types of lymphocytes are present as B-lymphocytes and T-lymphocytes. B-lymphocytes mature in bone marrow and are responsible for antibody production/humoral immunity. It is a highly specific antigen, antibody immunity T-lymphocytes mature in thymus and are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. Helper T-cells, killer T-cell, memory T-cells and suppressor T-cells are four main subtypes of T-lymphocytes.
b. Monocytes : Monocytes are the largest of all the WBCs. Its nucleus is large and bean or kidney shaped. They form 3-5% of WBCs. Monocytes are actively motile and give rise to macrophages. They are mainly phagocytic and destroy the bacteria and dead or damaged tissue
Thrombocytes / Platelets
: Thrombocytes are cellular fragments formed from the large cells called megakaryocytes. These are produced in bone marrow. They are very small, oval shaped cell fragments without nucleus. Normal count of thrombocytes in human blood is about 2.5 – 4.5 lakh / mm3 of blood. If number of thrombocytes decreases than normal, condition is called as thrombocytopenia. This condition causes internal bleeding (haemorrhage). Platelets secrete platelet factors which are essential in blood clotting. They also seal the ruptured blood vessels by formation of platelet plug/ thrombus. They secrete serotonin a local vasoconstrictor
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